THE SECRET BEHIND TRADE SECRETS BY - MRUNMAI PRADEEP PIMPARKAR

Authors : MRUNMAI PRADEEP PIMPARKAR

Registration ID : 106106 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6106

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : mrunmai.pimparkar120@ilslaw.in

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-22951421/THE SECRET BEHIND TRADE SECRETS

TRACING THE JOURNEY OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES IN INDIA THROUGH JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS BY – ATUL RAJ

Authors : ATUL RAJ

Registration ID : 106105 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6105

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : atulraj0595@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-73267954/TRACING THE JOURNEY OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES

THE VALUE OF A WOMENS VIRGINITY BY - SHIVANI MAHADEVAN & DIYA ABRAHAM

Authors : SHIVANI MAHADEVAN & DIYA ABRAHAM

Registration ID : 106103 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6103 & IJLRA6104

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

Approved ISSN : 2582-6433 | Country : Delhi, India

Email Id : shivani.mahadevan@law.christuniversity.in & diyamiria.abraham@law.christuniversity.in

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INVESTMENT PROTECTION TREATIES: SAFEGUARDING GLOBAL INVESTMENT BY - PRIYA RATHORE

Authors : PRIYA RATHORE

Registration ID : 106102 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6102

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : rathorepriya0401@gmail.com

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Doi Link :https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-56859738/INVESTMENT PROTECTION TREATIES: SAFEGUARDING GLOBA

THE DICHOTOMY OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT VS IMPRISONMENT TILL DEATH: QUESTIONING THE SUPREME COURT’S ACT OF CREATING A NEW CATEGORY OF PUNISHMENT BY - ANIMESH JHA & HIMANSHU RANJAN

Authors : ANIMESH JHA & HIMANSHU RANJAN

Registration ID : 106100 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6100 & IJRA6101

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : animesh@mpdnlu.ac.in & himanshu.ranjan@nlujodhpur.ac.in

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-67366723/THE DICHOTOMY OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT VS IMPRISONMENT

UNDERSTANDING THE RIGHT OF REDEMPTION: ANALYSING SHANKAR SAKHARAM KENJALE(D) BY ... VS NARAYAN KRISHNA GADE BY- SURYAANSH KISHAN RAZDAN

Authors : SURYAANSH KISHAN RAZDAN

Registration ID : 106099 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6099

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A VIEWPOINT FROM INDIA BY - VARUN KAUSHAL AND RITIKA DATTA

Authors : VARUN KAUSHAL AND RITIKA DATTA

Registration ID : 106097 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6097 & IJLRA6098

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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CHILD TRAFFICKING- A SEMINAL DISCOURSE FROM HUMAN RIGHTS: TOWARDS JUS NOVUM BY - R. DIVYA

Authors : R. DIVYA

Registration ID : 106096 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6096

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : divyarajan2329@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-52169859/CHILD TRAFFICKING- A SEMINAL DISCOURSE FROM HUMAN

DRUG ADDICTION BY - SHRADDHA MUDGAL

Authors : SHRADDHA MUDGAL

Registration ID : 106095 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6095

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : shraddha002sharma@gmail.com

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PRESERVING TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES WITHIN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW BY - ANILA K, ASHIQUE MUHAMMED BIN KAMAL & SUBHAMASTU PANDA

Authors : ANILA K, ASHIQUE MUHAMMED BIN KAMAL & SUBHAMASTU PANDA

Registration ID : 106092 Published Paper ID: IJLRA6092, IJLRA6093 &IJLRA6094

Year : Oct -2023 | Volume : II | Issue : 7

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Email Id : sheheen.marakkar@gmail.com

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Doi Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/10.2023-84167968/PRESERVING TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE: INTERNATIONAL AN

International journal for legal research and analysis

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[1] Peter S. Menell, 'Intellectual Property: General Theories', Encyclopedia of Law & Economics: Volume II, ed. by Boudewijn Bouckaert and Gerrit de Geest (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000), pp. 129-88.

[2] Robert G Bone, ‘A New Look at Trade Secret Law: Doctrine in Search of Justification’, Trade Secret Law, California Law Review, Vol. 86:24

[3] Lin, Thomas C.W. (8 October 2013), "Executive Trade Secrets", Notre Dame Law Review, 87(3): 911. SSRN 2047462 [Retrieved 20 February 2020].

[4] Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. Mehar Karan Singh, 2010 SCC OnLine Bom 1243

[5] Donal O'Connell, Intellectual Property Risk Management, 1st ed

[6] Chapter 2: America’s Trade Agreements, Trade policy in Crisis, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/chapter-2-americas-trade-agreements

[7] “India Accedes to the Paris Convention and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).” India Accedes to the Paris Convention and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/prdocs/1998/wipo_upd_1998_32.html#:~:text=On%20Monday%2C%20September%207%2C%201998,Patent%20Cooperation%20Treaty%20(PCT).

[8] “WTO | Intellectual Property (TRIPS) - Agreement Text - General Provisions.” WTO | Intellectual Property (TRIPS) - Agreement Text - General Provisions, www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_03_e.htm.

[9] TRIPS: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Art. 39

[10] Overview: the TRIPS Agreement, World Trade Organization, https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm#:~:text=The%20TRIPS%20Agreement%2C%20which%20came,multilateral%20agreement%20on%20intellectual%20property.

[11] Approaches to the Protection of Trade Secrets, Enquiries into Intellectual Property's Economic Impact OECD 2015, pg 131

[12] Paris Convention for the Protection Of Industrial Property (As Amended On September 28, 1979), Art 10(b), “WIPO Lex.” WIPO Lex, wipolex.wipo.int/en/text/288514.

[13] Module 4, Trade Secrets, WIPO Int., Point 3 Misappropriation of Trade Secrets, pg 15

[14] Oxford v. Moss, (1979) 68 Cri 482. See also Hammond, R.G.: “Theft of Information”, 100 LQR 252 (1984)

[15] Kewanee Oil Co. v. Bicron Corpn., 416 US 470, 490-91 : 40 L Ed 2d 315 (1974)

[16] Cornish, W.R.: Intellectual Property (3rd Edn., 1996) at paras 8.49-8.53. See also Breach of Confidence, Law Commission of England and Wales, Consultation Paper No. 110 (Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1981), para 2.10.

[17] Attorney General v. Guardian Newspapers, (1988) 3 All ER 545; Protection of Confidential Information without a Contract, Argus Partners, Protection of Confidential Information under Common Law – Rule of Equity, https://www.legal500.com/developments/thought-leadership/protection-of-confidential-information-without-a-contract/

[18] Saltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering Co Ltd, [1963] 3 All ER 413, 65 RPC 203.

definitions

[20] Legal Protection of Trade Secrets and Confidential Information, S.K. Verma, Journal of the Indian Law Institute, Vol. 44, No. 3 (July-September 2002), pp. 336-353

[21] The Role of National and International Intellectual Property Law and Policy in Reconceptualising the Definition of Investment, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-020-010097-

[22] Dionne v. Southeast Foam Converting & Packaging, Inc., 240 Va. 297, 397 S.E.2d 110, 1990 Va. LEXIS 121, 17 U.S.P.Q.2D (BNA) 1565 (Va. September 21, 1990)

[23] American Express Bank, Ltd. v. Priya Puri, 2006 SCC OnLine Del 638

[24] Anil Gupta v. Kunal Dasgupta, 2002 SCC OnLine Del 250.

[25] Niranjan Shankar Golikari v. Century Spg. and Mfg. Co. Ltd., (1967) 2 SCR 378.

[26] Ambiance India Pvt. Ltd. v. Naveen Jain, 2005 SCC OnLine Del 367.

[27] Trade Secrets law and Innovation Policy in India, Faizanur Rahman, http://docs.manupatra.in/newsline/articles/Upload/E8134C85-E745-414C-91AA-3E05D6B95581.1-H__civil.pdf

[28] Draft 5th National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy for public consultation, Government of India, Department of Science & Technology, https://dst.gov.in/draft-5th-national-science-technology-and-innovation-policy-public-consultation

[29] Srivastava Kamakhya, ‘Indian Innovation Act: Trade secrets and confidentiality’.

[30] Pollock and Mulla, Indian Contract and Specific Relief Acts, Vol 1, 12th edn, edited Nilima Bhadbade (Butterworths, New Delhi), 2004, pp. 818-822.

[31] The Law Commission of India, 13th Report, Ministry of Law and Justice (1958), para 55.

[32] SJ Advanced Technology & Mfg. Corp. v. Junkunc, 627 F. Supp. 572, 1986 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 29905, 1986-1 Trade Cas. (CCH) P66,970 (N.D. Ill. January 29, 1986)

[35] Seetharaman R, Legal protection of Trade Secret, 1 Supreme Court Cases (2004) 22.

[36] Mason v Provident Clothing and Supply Co Ltd, [1913] AC 724, [1911-13] All ER Rep 400, 109 LT 449.

[37] K Stanghton, L.J. in Lansing Linde Ltd. v. Kerr [1991] 1 All ER 418 at 425, Art. 39 of the TRIPS Agreement uses "undisclosed information" in this sense.

[38] Kewanee V. Bicron, 416 U.S. 470, 94 S. Ct. 1879, 40 L. Ed. 2d 315, 1974 U.S. LEXIS 134, 181 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 673, 69 Ohio Op. 2d 235 (U.S. May 13, 1974).

[39] Trade Secrets, WIPO, Module 4, Pg 7, https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/sme/en/documents/pdf/ip_panorama_4_learning_points.pdf

[40] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning 424 S.E.2d 226 (1993).

[41] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning, 108 N.C. App. 590

[42] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning, 108 N.C. App. 590

[43] Barr-Mullin, Inc. v. Browning 424 S.E.2d 226 (1993).

[44] Telerate Systems Inc v Caro, 689 F Supp 221, 232 (SDNY 1988).

[45] Thomas Marshall v Gunile (1978) 3 All ER 193, 203.

[46] Minerals Resources v. Newcastle Newspapers Pvt Ltd (1997) 40 IPR 403, ¶ 405.

[47] Tractors and Farm Equipment Ltd. v. Green Field Farm Equipments Pvt. Ltd., 2006 SCC OnLine Mad 1236.

[48] Indian Penal Code, 1860, § 405-409, § 418.

[49] Information Technology Act, 2000, § 43 & § 66.

[50] Attwood v Lamont, (1920) 3 KB 571: (1920) All ER Rep 55.

[51] DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc. v. Bunner - 116 CAL. APP. 4TH 241, 10 CAL. RPTR. 3D 185 (2004).

[52] Initial Services v Putterill, (1968) 1 QB 396, 405: (1967) 3 All ER 145.

[1] The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 1988 [Act No. 1 of 1989]

[2] VS Rama Devi and SK Mendiratta, “How India Votes: Election Laws Practice and Procedure”

[4] Special Leave Petition (Civil) 2824 – 25 of 2001 before the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India

[6] ECI Press Note No. ECI/PN/44/2011 dated 20.07.2011

[7] ECI Press Note No. ECI/PN/ 59 /2012 dated 25.07.2012

[8] S.O. 2470(E) dated 14.08.2023 published by Ministry of Law and Justice

[9] Contempt Petition (C) No. 303 of 2016 in Civil Appeal No. 9093 of 2016 before the Hon’ble Supreme Court

[11] Manual on Electronic Voting Machine and VVPAT

^{^[1]} Schlegel, Alice. “Status, Property, and the Value on Virginity.” American Ethnologist 18, no. 4 (1991) 719–34

^{^[2]} MLA. N.V.R. Krishnamacharya. The Mahabharata. Tirupati: Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, 1983.

[6] Babulal v. the State of West Bengal AIR 1959 Cal 693.

^{^[10]} Mukesh Bansal v. State of U.P., 2022 SCC OnLine All 395

^{^[11]} Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai versus State of Gujarat 1983 AIR 753

^{^[12]} Is rape sentencing in India a joke? Judgments based on stereotypes have played pathetically important part, 17th Dec 2016 (Accessed on 5th Oct 2022, 5:30pm) https://www.firstpost.com/living/is-rape-sentencing-in-india-a-joke-judgments-based-on-stereotypes-have-played-pathetically-important-part-3161060.html

^{^[13]} Indian Penal Code 1860, Section 375 Explanation “Sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape”

^{^[14]} Vakasha Sachdev, Explained: Why Marital Rape Is Not A Crime In India (Yet), 11th May 2022 (Accessed On 5th October 5:29pm) Https://Www.Thequint.Com/News/Law/Marital-Rape-Not-Recognised-As-Crime-In-India-Explainer#Read-More

^{^[15]} AIDWA vs Union Of India, Hridaya Nest of Family Harmony vs UOI, Diary No. 16226/2022

^{^[16]} Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, (1997) 6 SCC 241

^{^[17]} X vs Principal Secretary, Health and Family Welfare Department, Govt of NCT Of Delhi, C.A 2022 LiveLaw (SC) 809

^{^[18]} Eliminating Virginity Testing: An Interagency Statement, WHO 2018 (accessed on 5th October 2022 5:31pm) https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1157258/retrieve

^{^[20]} Rajasthan woman tortured for failing virginity test (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:00pm)

https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2022/09/06/rajasthan-woman-tortured-for-failing-virginity-test.html

^{^[21]} Deepak Sharma, First Night Means Virginity Test of Bride: Kukdi Pratha of Rajasthan, 6th December 2021 (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:35pm)

https://www.sinceindependence.com/rajasthan/first-night-means-virginity-test-of-bride-kukdi-pratha-of-rajasthan

^{^[22]} Emily Atkinson, What is ‘virginity testing’ and why is it going viral on TikTok?, 6th Sep 2022 (accessed on 5th October 2022, 5:40pm) https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/virginity-testing-viral-tiktok-b2159942.html

^{^[23]} Daniel L Chen, Gender Violence and the Price of Virginity: Theory and Evidence of Incomplete Marriage Contracts ( accesed on 5th Oct 2022, 3:45 pm) http://users.nber.org/~dlchen/papers/Gender_Violence_and_the_Price_of_Virginity.pdf

^{^[24]} Raina Assainar, Woman Held For Trying To Sell ‘virgin’ Daughter,September 03, 2020 (Accessed On 5th October 2022, 5:37pm)

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/woman-held-for-trying-to-sell-virgin-daughter/article32508938.ece

[1] Priya Rathore (5^th year student, BBA.LLB, The Northcap University, Gurugram)

[3] Lauder v. Czech Republic (Award of 3 September 2001)

[4] SGS Societe Generale de Survellance SA v. Republic of the Phillipines (Decisions on Objections to Jurisdiction of 29 January 2004)

[5] Sovereignty and Investment Protection Obligations in International Law (2018 Special Issue IJLIA 28)

[1]Anne Salmond, Two worlds: First meetings between Maori and Europeans, 1642-1772,University of Hawaii Press(1992).

[2]Narotam Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1978 SC 1542.

[3]Swamy Shraddananda v. State of Karnataka,AIR 2008 SC 3040.

[8]Code of Criminal Procedure, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1973 § 433 (India).

[9]Code of Criminal Procedure, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1973 § 432 (India).

[10]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 53.

[11]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 45.

[13]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 124A.

[14]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 300.

[15]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 375.

[17]State of West Bengal v. S.K. Ghosh, 1963 AIR 255.

[18]Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, § 53.

[19] Code of Criminal Procedure, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1973 § 432 (India).

[20]Babu Pahalwan v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr, 1990 (0) MPLJ 682.

[21]Code of Criminal Procedure, No. 2, Acts of Parliament,1973 § 433 (India).

[22] Code of Criminal Procedure, No. 2, Acts of Parliament, 1973 § 433A (India).

[23] Sarat Chandra Rabha v. Khagendranath, AIR 1961 SC 334.

[24]Swamy Shraddanand @ Murli v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2008 SC 3040.

[25]Dalbir Singh and Ors v. State of Punjab,AIR 2008 SC 2389 (India).

[26]Bacchan Singh v. State of Punjab,AIR 1980 SC 898 (India).

[29]Union of India v. SriHaran@ Murugan & Ors, (2016) 7 SCC 1 (India).

[30]Sudam & Rahul kaniram Jadhav v. The State of Maharashtra,(2011) 7 SCC 125 (India).

[31]Accused X vs The State Of Maharashtra,(2021) 1 SCC 596 (India).

[32]Sangeet & Anr v. State of Haryana,(2013) 2 SCC 452 (India).

[34] Union of India v V. Sriharan @ Murugan & Ors,(2014) 4 SCC 242.

[39]Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597 (India).

[41]State of Andhra Pradesh v. Challa Ramkrishna Reddy,AIR 2000 SC 2083.

[44]Francis Coralie Mullin v. The Administrator, UT Delhi,AIR 1981 SC 746.

[45]Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225 (India).

[46]Rai Sahab Ram Jawaya v. State of Punjab, AIR 1955 SC 549.

[48] Maru Ram v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 107 (India).

[50] Baljit Singh v. State of Punjab, 1986 Cri LJ 1037 (P& H) (India).

[51]See Prison Statistics India, 2020, National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, https://ncrb.gov.in/sites/default/files/PSI_2020_as_on_27-12-2021_0.pdf.

[1]Law Student, B.A. LL.B(Hons), 5^th Year, Amity Law School, Noida, Amity University Noida (U.P.).

[4]The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (Act No. 4 of 1882), s.58

[5] The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (Act No. 4 of 1882), s.60

[6] Narayan Deorao Javle (D) through LRS. Vs. Krishna, CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4726 OF 2021

[8]Shrimantibai Ramu Nargude&Anr.Vs.Bhimrao Appa Nargude&Ors, Second Appeal No.204 of 1991

[9]The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Act No. 67 of 1948)

[11]The Maharashtra Paragana and Kulkarni Watans (Abolition) Act, 1950(Act No. 60 of 1950)

[16]The Indian Trusts Act, 1882 (Act No. 2 of 1882)

[18]The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Act No. 67 of 1948)

[2] M.C.Mehta v. State of T.N, AIR 1997 SC 699

[3] Bandhu Mukthi Morcha v. UOI (1997) 10 SCC 549

[8] Protection of Children from Sexual Abuse Act, 2012

[9] See M.H.Kakkad v. Naval Dubey, 1992 AIR SCW 1480

[10] Dr.Awasthi & Kataria, Law relating to Protection of Human Rights, (2005).

[11] See Susan C.Mapp, Human Rights and Social Justice in a Global Perspective (2008).

[12] Rafferty, “ The Impact of Trafficking on Children: Psychological and Social Policy Perspectives”, Child Development Perspectives” (2008)

[13] See Art. 34 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989

[15] Lakshmi Kant Pandey v. UOI, AIR 1984 SC 469, involved allegation that Indian children of tender age were under the guise of adoption exposed to the long horrendous as journey to distant foreign countries at great risk to their lives and in the course of time becoming beggars or prostitutes.

[18] Praful Kumar Sinha v. State of Orissa AIR 1989 SC 1783

[19] Gaurav Jain v. Union of India, AIR 1990 SC 292

[21] Article 4(3) of the Second Additional Protocol to Geneva Convention, 1977 on ‘Protection of Victims of Non- International Armed Conflict provides that children below fifteen year shall neither be recruited in the armed forces or groups nor allowed to take part in hostilities. Article 38 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 and Article 1 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 on the involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, 2000 also forbid recruitment of children in to the army.

[22] Article 14 and 24 of Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in Time of War, 1949 deal with protection of displaced children.

[23] Article 77 of the First Additional Protocol to Geneva Convention, 1977

[24] For details, See V.Vijayakumar, “Children in Humanitarian Emergencies and the Guest for Humanitarian Response: A Study”, 54 JILI, (2012) 160 – 195.

[25] A number of studies indicate a large number of recruitment of child soldiers either by the State or non-state actors.

[26] Nandhini Sundar v. State of Chattisgarh, (2011) 13 SCC 46, wherein the Supreme Court said that the State of Chattigarh promoting activists group called “Salwa Judum” to counter insurgency is involved in widespread violation of human rights as unconstitutional.

[27] UN Convention against torture and other Cruel Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, 1987; UDHR, 1948, ICCPR, 1966 and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 1989 stootly Publication.

[28] See Munna v. State of U.P, AIR 1982 SC 806; Tukaram v. State of Maharastra

[29] Rights of the Child; “ Children in Emergency situation” – Report of the National Consultation, Nov-21-23, 110(1994)

[30] Ram Kumar v. State of M.P, 2003 Cr.L.J.NOC 18 (M.P); Siriyar v. State of MP (2008) 8 SCC 72

[31] Surjit Kumar v. State of U.P, 2002, (45) SCC at 80

[32] See for a critical analysis, See Usha Razdan, “Torture of the Girl Child: State Sponsored Repression, “ 43-66,

54 JILI, (2012)

[33] The UNICEF Report, 2001 has described the negative consequences that child marriage has on girls.

[34] case filed before the Supreme Court of India in April, 2003

[35] Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees right to life and personal liberty.

[36] Article 23 of the Indian Constitution prohibits human trafficking and other forms of forced labour.

[37] Art. 39 of the Indian Constitution directs the State to protect children against exploitation and to provide them with opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.

[38] Sec. 377 of the IPC deals with unnatural offences.

[40] Usha Ramanathan,“Organ Trade, Missing Piece in Nithari Puzzle?”,THE HINDU dated on October, 29, 2014 p.11

[41] Moninder Singh Pandher v. State of U.P, CRIMINAL (CAPITAL) APPEAL NO. 1475 OF 2009.

[1](No date) United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_series_1998-01-01_1.pdf (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

^{^[2]}Nahvizadeh, M.M. et al. (2014) A review study of substance abuse status in high school students, Isfahan, Iran, International journal of preventive medicine. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476010/ (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

^{^[3]}⁽No date a) Review Study of Substance Abuse Status in high school students, Isfahan ... Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ziba-Farajzadegan/publication/277963422_A_Review_Study_of_Substance_Abuse_Status_in_High_School_Students_Isfahan_Iran/links/6162ab62ae47db4e57b8f38d/A-Review-Study-of-Substance-Abuse-Status-in-High-School-Students-Isfahan-Iran.pdf?origin=publication_detail (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

[4](No date a) (PDF) knowledge regarding drug abuse among school students - researchgate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349346635_Knowledge_Regarding_Drug_Abuse_among_School_Students (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

[5]Doshi, K. (no date) NDPS act: Important sections and landmark judgments, lawyersclubindia. Available at: https://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/ndps-act-important-sections-and-landmark-judgments-14894.asp (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

[6](No date a) Gurdev Singh vs the state of Punjab on 6 April, 2021. Available at: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/141599412/ (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

[7](No date a) The impact of drugs on society - national drug threat assessment 2006. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs11/18862/impact.htm (Accessed: 29 September 2023).

[2]Martha Johnson of the Dene Cultural Institute in Canada.

[3] Daniel Gervais, The TRIPs agreement-drafting history and analysis 5 (2003).

[6]N.S. Gopalakrishnan, Protection of Traditional Knowledge The Needfor a Sui Generis Law in India,(2005)

[7]N.S. Gopalakrishnan, Diversity-Related Intellectual Property Rights-C.4~~ Final Art, The Convention on Biological Diversify and the Challenges, XVIII Academy Law Review, 281, 1994.

[9]Article 26(3),United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas,2018

[11] patent no 5420318, 5391779 and 5371254 & W.R. Grace’s EPO patent 0436257

IJLRA	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 8 2022 Page 1-6
IEEE	N. Raj Kumar ; Kamble Shivadayal . "Design of Fault Tolerance Parallel FFT’s Using Xilinx 14.5v" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(8)

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UNDERSTANDING THE RIGHT OF REDEMPTION: ANALYSING SHANKAR SAKHARAM KENJALE(D) BY ... VS NARAYAN KRISHNA GADE BY- SURYAANSH KISHAN RAZDAN

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[19] Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc) Regulations, 2018, SI 2018/597; What are trade secrets, know-how and confidential information?, Queensland Government, https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/risk/ip/ip-kit/browse-ip-topics/trade-secrets/definitions

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